Understanding Mass Spectrometer: Principles, Types, and Applications in Science and Medicine
A mass spectrometer is one of the most powerful analytical instruments in modern science — used to identify, quantify, and characterize molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). From detecting trace pollutants in the environment to identifying complex proteins in biomedical research, mass spectrometry (MS) plays a vital role across chemistry, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare.
What Is a Mass Spectrometer?
A mass spectrometer is an analytical device that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to determine the composition, structure, and abundance of molecules in a sample.
In simple terms, it breaks down a sample into charged particles (ions), separates them based on their mass, and detects them — creating a mass spectrum that serves as a molecular fingerprint.
Basic Principle of Mass Spectrometry
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